diff --git a/.changeset/shy-pigs-buy.md b/.changeset/shy-pigs-buy.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56ea9ac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/shy-pigs-buy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@hono/zod-openapi': minor
+---
+
+introduce routeMiddleware Env inference
diff --git a/packages/zod-openapi/src/index.ts b/packages/zod-openapi/src/index.ts
index 4287e8e7..2af11c43 100644
--- a/packages/zod-openapi/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/zod-openapi/src/index.ts
@@ -207,6 +207,68 @@ export type OpenAPIHonoOptions<E extends Env> = {
 }
 type HonoInit<E extends Env> = ConstructorParameters<typeof Hono>[0] & OpenAPIHonoOptions<E>
 
+/**
+ * Turns `T | T[] | undefined` into `T[]`
+ */
+type AsArray<T> = T extends undefined // TODO move to utils?
+  ? []
+  : T extends any[]
+  ? T
+  : [T]
+
+/**
+ * Like simplify but recursive
+ */
+export type DeepSimplify<T> = {
+  // TODO move to utils?
+  [KeyType in keyof T]: T[KeyType] extends object ? DeepSimplify<T[KeyType]> : T[KeyType]
+} & {}
+
+/**
+ * Helper to infer generics from {@link MiddlewareHandler}
+ */
+export type OfHandlerType<T extends MiddlewareHandler> = T extends MiddlewareHandler<
+  infer E,
+  infer P,
+  infer I
+>
+  ? {
+      env: E
+      path: P
+      input: I
+    }
+  : never
+
+/**
+ * Reduce a tuple of middleware handlers into a single
+ * handler representing the composition of all
+ * handlers.
+ */
+export type MiddlewareToHandlerType<M extends MiddlewareHandler<any, any, any>[]> = M extends [
+  infer First,
+  infer Second,
+  ...infer Rest
+]
+  ? First extends MiddlewareHandler<any, any, any>
+    ? Second extends MiddlewareHandler<any, any, any>
+      ? Rest extends MiddlewareHandler<any, any, any>[] // Ensure Rest is an array of MiddlewareHandler
+        ? MiddlewareToHandlerType<
+            [
+              MiddlewareHandler<
+                DeepSimplify<OfHandlerType<First>['env'] & OfHandlerType<Second>['env']>, // Combine envs
+                OfHandlerType<First>['path'], // Keep path from First
+                OfHandlerType<First>['input'] // Keep input from First
+              >,
+              ...Rest
+            ]
+          >
+        : never
+      : never
+    : never
+  : M extends [infer Last]
+  ? Last // Return the last remaining handler in the array
+  : never
+
 export type RouteHandler<
   R extends RouteConfig,
   E extends Env = Env,
@@ -317,7 +379,10 @@ export class OpenAPIHono<
   >(
     { middleware: routeMiddleware, ...route }: R,
     handler: Handler<
-      E,
+      // use the env from the middleware if it's defined
+      R['middleware'] extends MiddlewareHandler[] | MiddlewareHandler
+        ? OfHandlerType<MiddlewareToHandlerType<AsArray<R['middleware']>>>['env'] & E
+        : E,
       P,
       I,
       // If response type is defined, only TypedResponse is allowed.
diff --git a/packages/zod-openapi/test/index.test-d.ts b/packages/zod-openapi/test/index.test-d.ts
index b9f2df26..b09010a0 100644
--- a/packages/zod-openapi/test/index.test-d.ts
+++ b/packages/zod-openapi/test/index.test-d.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { Env, Hono, ToSchema } from 'hono'
 import { assertType, describe, expectTypeOf, it } from 'vitest'
-import { OpenAPIHono, createRoute, z } from '../src/index'
+import { MiddlewareToHandlerType, OfHandlerType, OpenAPIHono, createRoute, z } from '../src/index'
+import { createMiddleware } from 'hono/factory'
 import type { ExtractSchema } from 'hono/types'
 import type { Equal, Expect } from 'hono/utils/types'
 
@@ -234,3 +235,95 @@ describe('coerce', () => {
     type verify = Expect<Equal<Expected, Actual>>
   })
 })
+
+describe('Middleware', () => {
+  it('Should merge Env', async () => {
+    const middlewareA = createMiddleware<{
+      Variables: { foo: string }
+    }>(async (c, next) => {
+      c.set('foo', 'abc')
+      next()
+    })
+
+    const middlewareB = createMiddleware<{
+      Variables: { bar: number }
+    }>(async (c, next) => {
+      c.set('bar', 321)
+      next()
+    })
+
+    type Example = MiddlewareToHandlerType<[typeof middlewareA, typeof middlewareB]>
+
+    type verify = Expect<
+      Equal<
+        OfHandlerType<Example>['env'],
+        {
+          Variables: { foo: string; bar: number }
+        }
+      >
+    >
+  })
+
+  it('Should infer Env from router middleware', async () => {
+    const app = new OpenAPIHono<{Variables: { too: Symbol }}>()
+    app.openapi(
+      createRoute({
+        method: 'get',
+        path: '/books',
+        middleware: [
+          createMiddleware<{
+            Variables: { foo: string }
+          }>((c, next) => {
+            c.set('foo', 'abc')
+            return next()
+          }),
+          createMiddleware<{
+            Variables: { bar: number }
+          }>((c, next) => {
+            c.set('bar', 321)
+            return next()
+          }),
+        ] as const,
+        responses: {
+          200: {
+            description: 'response',
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+      (c) => {
+        c.var.foo
+        c.var.bar
+        c.var.too
+
+        type verifyFoo = Expect<Equal<typeof c.var.foo, string>>
+        type verifyBar = Expect<Equal<typeof c.var.bar, number>>
+        type verifyToo = Expect<Equal<typeof c.var.too, Symbol>>
+
+        return c.json({})
+      }
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('Should infer Env root when no middleware provided', async () => {
+    const app = new OpenAPIHono<{Variables: { too: Symbol }}>()
+    app.openapi(
+      createRoute({
+        method: 'get',
+        path: '/books',
+        middleware: undefined,
+        responses: {
+          200: {
+            description: 'response',
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+      (c) => {
+        c.var.too
+
+        type verify = Expect<Equal<typeof c.var.too, Symbol>>
+
+        return c.json({})
+      }
+    )
+  })
+})