These functions mimic `str::floor_char_boundary` and
`str::floor_char_boundary` (currently unstable under
`round_char_boundary`). They're useful for correcting a byte index
which may not lie on a character boundary. For example you might limit
a search within a slice to some fixed number of bytes. The fixed number
might not lie on a boundary though so it needs to be corrected to
either the earlier (floor) or later (ceil) boundary.